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Ingredient Glossary - Definitions & Functions
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z
-A -
- Alfalfa Meal
- Definition: the above ground potion of the alfalfa plant, a perennial flowering plant cultivated as an important forage crop, which has been sun cured and finely ground.
Function: source of fibre and other nutrients; Digestive enhancer
- Animal Fat
- Definition: is obtained from the tissues of mammals in the commercial processes of rendering or extracting. It consists predominantly of glyceride esters of fatty acids and contains no additions of free fatty acids.
Function: Essential nutrient for various metabolic and structural functions, Rich in Omega 6 Fatty Acids
- Aniseed
- Definition: the seed of the anise plant, an herbaceous flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to the eastern Mediterranean region and southwest Asia
Function: Digestive enhancer, promotes lactation, Antimicrobial properties
- Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
- Definition: A water-soluble vitamin that possesses antioxidant properties, found naturally in citrus fruits and other vegetables
Function: Antioxidant
- B-
- Barley
- Definition: is a major food and animal feed cereal grain, a member of the grass family Poaceae.
Function: High Quality Carbohydrate
- Beet Pulp (Sugar Removed)
- Definition: the dried, fibre-rich residue of sugar beets that remains after the sucrose has been extracted for the commercial production of sugar
Function: Soluble and Insoluble fibre source, for healthy digestive tract
- Biotin
- Definition: A B-complex, water-soluble vitamin that is an essential catalyst for various metabolic reactions found naturally in liver, whole-grain cereals, legumes, etc.
Function: Cell growth, fatty acid synthesis and metabolism, amino acids metabolism, gluconeogenesis (synthesis of glucose from amino acids), releases food energy, helps maintain a steady blood sugar level, helps strengthen hair and nails
- Blueberry
- Defintion: The berries of a group of flowering shrubs in the genus Vaccinium naive to North America and Asia. They are dark blue to purple in colour.
Function: powerful antioxidant properties
- Brewers Dried Yeast
- Definition: is a deactivated yeast that is a by-product or beer making
Function: High quality protein source, natural source of B vitamins, palatability enhancer for cats
- Brown Rice
- Definition: unmilled, whole grain rice that possesses an outer bran layer
Function: Rich source of complex vitamins, minerals such as iron, fibre, and unsaturated germ oil
- C -
- Calcium Carbonate
- Definition: It is a common chemical compound found as rock (such as calcite or limestone) and is a major component of seashells and the shell of snails.
Function: source of calcium that builds and maintans bones and teeth
- Calcium Iodate
- Definition: An iodine salt (calcium is the carrier of iodine)
Function: Source of iodine, an essential trace element required for proper thyroid functioning and proper hormone production
- Calcium Pantothenate
- Definition: also known as Vitamin B5, pantothenate is a water soluble, complex vitamin (calcium is a carrier)
Function: pantothenate is needed to form a co-enzyme that is essential to the metabolism and synthesis of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
- Carrot
- Definition: A root vegetable, usually found in various shades of orange
Function: A source of antioxidants and carotenoid vitamins such as Vitamin A which promotes good vision as well as healthy growth, reproduction, skin and immune system functioning
- Cassia
- Definition: A variety of evergreen tree that is a close relative of cinnamon, whose bark offers similar spice characteristics. Most spice sold as cinnamon in Canada and the US is actually Cassia
Function: Antiseptic, anti-fungal and anti-viral properties (especially effective against E. coli 0157:H7), immune system enhancer
- Cellulose (Powdered)
- Definition: a fibre that is the primary structural component of green plants. It is purified and mechanically disintegrated cellulose prepare by processing alpha cellulose obtained as a pulp from the plants
Function: Source of fibre, paert of the hairball control system, promotes a healthy digestive system
- Chamomile
- Definition: is an annual plant of be sunflower family Asteraceae, often used for tea
Function: Calms stress and anxiety, boosts immune system Function:ing, reduces gas formation and relaxes the lining of the digestive tract
- Chelated Minerals (zinc, Copper, Manganese, Iron)
- Definition: have a protein structure added to the mineral
Function: More easily digestible and bioavailable form of minerals
- Chicken
- Definition: the clean combination flesh and skin with or without accompanying bone, derived from the parts or whole carcasses of chicken or a combination thereof, exclusive of feathers, heads, feet and entrails.
Function: High Quality Protein Source that provide all essential amino acids, Enhances palatability
- Chicken By-Product Meal
- Definition: clean parts or carcasses of slaughtered chickens only, which may contain bone, heads, feet, and viscera, but no feathers
Function: Quality Protein Source
- Chicken Fat
- Definition: is obtained from the tissues of chickens in the commercial processes of rendering or extracting. It consists predominantly of glyceride esters of fatty acids and contains no additions of free fatty acids
Function: Essential nutrient for various metabolic and structural Function:s, Rich in Omega 6 Fatty Acids
- Chicken Meal
- Definition: dry, rendered product from a combination of clean flesh and skin with or without accompanying bone, derived from the parts of whole carcasses of poultry, exclusive of feathers, heads, feet and entrails
Function: High Quality Protein Source, Provides all essential amino acids, enhances palatability
- Chicory Inulin (FOS)
- Definition: Inulin is a type of highly fermentable fibre that is not digested in the stomach, but will be fermented in the large intestine by the bacterial population. It is synthesized by many kinds of plants, including the chicory plant (found in the roots), a perennial plant closely related the endive.
Function: Favours propagation of beneficial intestinal bacteria while restricting that of harmful intestinal bacteria, improving gut health and immune system functioning
- Choline Chloride
- Definition: Choline is a vitamin-like compound found in egg yolk, organ meats, soybean, etc.
Function: Lipid metabolism, essential part of cell membranes that maintains structure and fluidity
- Chondroitin Sulfate
- Definition: is an important structural eminent of cartilage and provides much of its resistant to compression while maintaining flexibility
Function: Improves mobility in animals with joint damage (usually in conjunction with glucosamine)
- Copper Sulphate
- Definition: a salt of copper, an essential mineral to all animals. Copper is found in all organ meats, especially the liver.
Function: assists in the formation of hemoglobin, red blood cells and bones which makes it essential to wound healing
- Corn
- Definition: A common cereal grain crop made up of edible kernels
Function: A source of energy (carbohydrate), kibble binder, source of antioxidants and lutein, a carotenoid vitamin important to good vision
- Corn Gluten Meal
- Definition: the dried protein residue from corn after the removal of the larger part of the starch and germ, and the separation of the bran by the process employed in the wet milling manufacture of corn starch or syrup, or by enzymatic treatment of the endosperm.
Function: source of protein
- Cranberry Seed
- Definition: The seed of a berry found on a group of evergreen dwarf shrubs or trailing vines in the genus Vaccinium (same as blueberry). Cranberry is a major North American commercial crop, often used in juices. They are bright to dark red in colour.
Function: promotes urinal tact health, antioxidant
- D -
- Dicalcium Phosphate
- Definition: Mineral source of dietary calcium commonly used as a supplement in breakfast cereals, noodle products and enriched flours
Function: Calcium source that builds bones and teeth and maintains bones.
- Digest (Dried Animal)
- Definition: dried material that is yielded from the enzymatc hydrolysis (or digestion) of clean and undecomposed animal tissues such as livers and other organ meats. The animal issues used shall be exclusive of hair, horns, teeth, hooves and feathers, except in such trace amounts as might occur unavoidably in good factory practice and shall be suitable for animal feed.
Function: palatability enhancer
- Digest (Liquid Animal)
- Definition: liquid material that is yields from the enzymatic hydrolysis (or digestion) of clean and undecomposed animal tissues such as livers and other organ meats. The animal tissues used shall be exclusive of hair, horns, teeth, hooves and feathers, except in such trace amounts as might occur unavoidably in good factory practice and shall be suitable for animal feed.
Function: Palatability Enhancer
- Digest (Poultry)
- Definition: material which results from enzymatic hydrolysis (digestion) of clean and undecomposed poultry issue, such as organ meats
Function: Palatability Enhancer
- E –
- Eggs (Dried Whole)
- Definition: dried whole poultry eggs free of moisture by thermal means
Function: Highest quality source of protein available, Provides all essential amino acids
- F -
- Ferrous Sulphate
- Definition: Mineral source of dietary iron, an essential mineral for dogs and cats
Function: Iron is a cofactor for several metabollic processes and makes up part of the haemoglobin molecule in the blood which carries oxygen to tissues
- Fish Meal
- Definition: the clean, dried, ground tissue of undecomposed whole white fish or fish cuttings
Function: High Quality Protein Source, source of Omega 3 far acids (DHA & EPA)
- Flaxseed
- Definition: The seeds of an annual, flowering plant crop
Function: Rich source of omegas fatty acids (alpha-linolenic acid - LNA)
- Folic Acid (Folate)
- Definition: A B-complex vitamin naturally found in dark green vegetables such as spinach, peas, and broccoli as well as in legumes such as beans and lentils.
Function: Important in amino acid metabolism and for cell division and growth via the synthesis of DMA and in building blocks (nucelotides)
- G -
- Garlic
- Definition: Garlic is a perennial plant closely related to the onion, shallot, and leek. The underground bulb portion of the plant is used as a spice in various food preparations due to it's strongly flavoured oil.
Function: blood cholesterol reduction, antioxidant, anti-fungal, palatability enhancer
- Glucosamine Hydrochloride
- Definition: plays an important role in be structural fortification of various biological tissues including cartilage and the shells of crustaceans
Function: Provides the building blocks to synthesize new cartilage, improve mobility of animals with compromised joints
- H -
- Horseradish
- Definition: is a biennial plant of the Brassicaceae family, which induces mustard and cabbages. The underground root portion is used to make prepared horseradish, a commonly used, strongly-flavoured ingredient.
Function: powerful digestive stimulant, natural antiseptic
- I -
- Inositol
- Definition: Similar in composition to B-complex vitamins and is found in many cereal grains, especially those with high bran content
Function: promotes healthy cell membranes, hair, and immune system
- J -
- Juniper
- Definition: a berry-yielding, coniferous plant
Function: Aids kidney Function:, Gastro-intestinal antiseptic
- K -
- Kelp (Dried)
- Definition: dried seaweed of the families Laminaricae and Fucacaeae. If the product is prepared by artificial drying, it may be called “dehydrated kelp”.
Function: High Quality Protein Source, source of iodine
- L -
- L-Carnitine
- Definition: L-Carnitine is synthesized naturally in the healthy liver from two amino acids
Function: promotes healthy by weight by supporting the usage of fat as fuel for energy rather than other nutrients (such as protein or carbohydrate).
- Lamb Meal
- Definition: the dried, rendered product from lamb tissues, exclusive of blood, hair, hoof, horn, hide trimmings, manure, stomach and rumen contents except in such amounts as may incur unavoidably in good processing practices.
Function: High Quality Protein Source, enhances palatability
- Lamb
- Definition: the clean combination of flesh and skin with or without accompanying bone, derived from the parts or whole carcasses of lambs or a combination thereof, exclusive of hair, heads, feet and entrails.
Function: High quality source of protein, alternative protein source for hypoallergenic formulas
- Lecithin
- Definition: A phospholipid (type of fat molecule) found in plants and animals
Function: required for cell fluidity, promotes a healthy coat and nervous system Function:, and protect cells from oxidation
- Lutein
- Definition: A carotenoid pigment in the same family as Beta-carotene (a precursor to Vitamin A). It is responsible for the yellow colouring of certain vegetables and plants, including marigold flowers and yellow com.
Function: promotes healthy vision, antioxidant
- Lysine
- Definition: An amino acid normally found in protein structures, dietarily essential to dogs and cats
Function: A necessary building block for all body proteins.
- M -
- Manganese Sulphate
- Definition: a manganese salt or mineral source of dietary manganese, an essential trace nutrient for dogs and cats
Function: formation of bone and growth of connective tissue, blood clotting
- Mannanoligosaccharides (MOS)
- Definition: Like FOS, MOS is a highly fermentable fibre that is not broken down by stomach acid, but rather fermented in the large intestine by colonic bacteria. MOS are extracted from the cell walls of brewers dried yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
Function: It has in shown to work synergistic ally was FOS to positively agent gastrointestinal tract health.
- Meat and Bone Meal
- Definition: the dried, rendered product from mammal tissues, including bone, exclusive of blood, hair, hoof, horn, hide trimmings, manure, stomach and rumen contents, except in such amounts as may occur unavoidably in good processing practices.
Function: Quality Protein Source
- Menadione Sodium Bisulphate Complex, (Source of Vitamin K activity).
- Definition: A source of Vitamin K, an essential micronutrient for dogs and cats
Function: Blood coagulation and wound healing
- Menhaden Fish Meal
- Definition: the clean, dried, ground issue of undecomposed whole menhaden fish (found in various parts of the Atlantic Ocean around North America)
Function: High Quality Protein Source, source Omega 3 fatty acids (DHA & EPA)
- Methionine
- Definition: An amino acid normally found in protein structures, dietarily essential to dogs and cats
Function: A necessary building block for all body proteins
- N -
- Niacin
- Definition: A water-soluble, complex Vitamin (aka Vitamin B3) found in various whole cereal grains
Function: at least 200 body enzymes use niacin, important for macronutrient metabolism, reduces blood cholesterol and promotes good blood cholesterol (HDL)
- O -
- Oats, Hulless (Oat Groats)
- Definition: ground cleaned oats with the fibrous hulls removed (ground oat groats). It must not contain more than 4 percent crude fibre
Function: High Quality Carbohydrate
- P -
- Parsley Flakes
- Definition: is a bright green, biennial herb that is used also as a cooking spice
Function: Controls blood pressure, fights halitosis, antioxidant
- Peas
- Definition: A pea is the small, edible round green bean, which grows in a pod on the leguminous vine Pisum sativum.
Function: Quality Source of carbohydrates and B-complex vitamins
- Pork Meal
- Definition: the dry, rendered product from pork tissues exclusive of any added blood, hair, hoof, horn, hide trimmings, manure, or stomach contents
Function: High Quality Protein Source
- Phosphoric Acid
- Definition: A mineral acid
Function: acidifies food (important for cats), palatabilty enhancer
- Potassium Chloride
- Definition: potassium salt, a dietary source of potassium, an essential mineral for cats and dogs
Function: Major electrolyte for fluid balance, allows muscle contraction and conduction of nerve impulses
- Poultry By-product Meal
- Definition: consists of the ground, rendered, clean parts of the carcass of slaughtered poultry, such as necks, feet, undeveloped eggs, intestines, exclusive of feathers, except in such amounts as might occur unavoidably in good processing practices.
Function: Protein Source
- Poultry Fat
- Definition: primarily obtained from the tissue of poultry in the commercial process of rendering or extracting. It shall contain only the fatty matter natural to the product produced under good manufacturing practices and shall contain no added free fatty acids or other materials obtained from fat.
Function: essential nutrient, Rich in Omega 6 Fatty Acids
- Pyridoxine Hydrochloride
- Definition: Source of B-complex vitamin, Pyridoxine (aka Vitamin B6)
Function:
Synthesis of venous system hormones, glucose synthesis, red blood cell formation, supports immune system functioning
- R-
- Riboflavin
- Definition: aka Vitamin B2 an essential vitamin, naturally found in milk, milk products, liver, and meat
Function: converts food energy into usable energy for consumer, allows vitamin B6 to Function: properly
- Rice Bran
- Definition: the hard, outer layer of rice grains. Bran, along with the germ layer, is an integral part of whole grain rice and is often produced as a by-product of milling in the production of white rice. When bran is removed from rice (and other grains), they lose a portion of their nutritional value.
Function: part of a hairball control system. Bran is particularly rich in dietary fiber, and contains significant quantities of starch, protein, fat, vitamins, and dietary minerals
- Rosemary Extract
- Definition: fragrant oil extracted from the evergreen needle-like leaves of a woody, perennial herb known as rosemary, a commonly used cooking spice
Function: Very powerful antioxidant, Used to aid digestion (fat)
- S -
- Safflower Oil
- Definition: Fat extracted from the safflower plant, a highly branched, herbaceous, thistle-like annual, which produces bright yellow flowers
Function: Rich in omega 6 Fatty acid:, unsaturated source of fat
- Salmon
- Definition: the clean, undecomposed flesh of salmon fish
Function: High quality source of protein, source of Omega-3 fatty acids (DHA & EPA)
- Sodium Chloride
- Definition: aka table salt, it is a dietary form of the essential minerals, sodium and chloride
Function: Important electrolytes for fluid balance, needed for healthy cells, necessary for muscle contraction and nerve functions
- Sodium Selenite
- Definition: Selenium salt, dietary source of the essential mineral selenium. Selenium is naturally found in liver.
Function: assists in proper Function:ing if endogenous antioxidant systems in order to protect cells
- Soybean Hulls
- Definition: the fibrous outer layer of soybeans. The hulls are removed from the beans during the refining process.
Function: Source of fibre and carbohydrate, promote digestive health
- Soybean Meal
- Definition: Soy is a common legume crop, high in protein and fat. The meal is the crushed and dried remnants of oil extraction
Function: Source of protein and vitamins
- T -
- Taurine
- Definition: An amino acid abundant in animal tissues (except for cats)
Function: Promotes healthy head and eye, dietarily essential amino acid for cats
- Thiamine Mononitrate
- Definition: ource of Thiamine (aka Vitamin B1), a water-soluble, essential Vitamin
Function: central role in carbohydrate metabolism, facilitates energy release from foods
- Threonine
- Definition: An amino acid normally found in protein structures, dietarily essential to dogs and cats
Function: A necessary building ask for all by proteins
- Thyme
- Definition: is a genus of abut 350 species of aromatic biennial herbaceous plants commonly used as spicing agents in foods
Function: Stress Reduction, Antimicrobial, Antifungal, Flavor benefits, Antioxidant
- Tomato Powder
- Definition: The powder of the fruit of a perennial plant in the Solanaceae or nightshade family.
Function: Natural source of Vitamins A and C, Antioxidant major source of the red carotenoid pigment lycopene, which has shown to have anti-cancer effects
- Trytophan
- Definition: An amino acid normally found in protein structures, dietarily essential to dogs and cats
Function: A necessary building block for all body proteins
- Tuna
- Definition: the clean, undecomposed flesh of tuna fish
Function: High quality source of protein, source of omega-3 fatty acids (DHA & EPA)
- Turkey Meal
- Definition: the dried, ground, clean combination of flesh and skin of turkeys with or without accompanying bone, derived from the parts or whole carcasses or a combination thereof, exclusive of feathers, heads, feet and entrails.
Function: High Quality Protein Source
- Y -
- Yucca Schidigera Extract
- Definition: The extract of a succulent, flowering plant in the family Agavaceae, native to the Mojave Desert
Function: Stool Odor Control, promotes digestive health
- Z -
- Zinc Sulphate
- Definition: Zinc salt, dietary source of Zinc, an essential mineral for dogs and cats.
Function: needed for healthy skin, bones, and hair, as well as many other metabolic functions.
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